Sidney J. Parnes, Professor of creative studies at the state University College at Buffalo, New York developed the Creative Problem Solving program.
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Alex Osborn an advertising executive developed Brainstorming in the late 1930s. It usually involves one person acting as a scribe writing down ideas called out by a small group of people who are adhering to certain rules.
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Synectics was developed in the 1940's and 50's by WJJ Gordon and GM Prince building on Osborn's classic work on brainstorming. Synectics is Greek for joining together of different and apparently irrelevant elements.  |
Six thinking hats, created by Edward de Bono, is a simple and practical way of seperating different thinking types which can reduce the effectiveness of creative problem solving workshops |
Lateral Thinking was devised by Edward de Bono to counter what he calls Vertical thinking (sequential logical or analytical development of the most likely paths from problem to solution).  |